Methylene Blue as a Nootropic: Mitochondrial Mechanisms, Dosing Protocol, and Safety
Methylene blue enhances mitochondrial electron transport, improves memory, and reduces brain fog. Learn dosing protocols, evidence, and key safety limits.
Longevity Medicine
Moderate EvidenceMitochondrial Health
Mitochondrial dysfunction, biogenesis, and strategies for cellular energy.
01
02
CoQ10 for Migraine Prevention: Clinical Evidence, Dosage Protocol, and Who Benefits Most
Evidence-based guide to CoQ10 for migraine prevention—covering dosage, timing, patient selection, comparison with magnesium, and what labs to monitor.
03
Photobiomodulation for Peripheral Neuropathy: Clinical Evidence and Protocol Guide
How red and near-infrared light therapy reduces nerve pain, improves sensation, and supports nerve repair in diabetic, Lyme-related, and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.
04
SS-31 (Elamipretide): The Mitochondrial Peptide Repairing the Cell's Power Grid
SS-31 is a tetrapeptide that targets cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Clinical evidence, dosage protocols, and patient-selection criteria reviewed.
05
Metformin and Exercise: Does It Blunt Your Training Adaptations?
Metformin may impair mitochondrial adaptations to exercise in older adults. Learn who should cycle off, when to skip doses, and how to get the best of both.
06
Humanin Peptide Dosage Protocol: A Physician's Guide to Dosing, Timing, and Administration
Evidence-based humanin peptide dosing guide covering optimal doses, injection frequency, cycling, routes of administration, and patient-specific titration strategies.
07
Spermidine vs Urolithin A: Two Autophagy Activators, One Longevity Stack
Spermidine and urolithin A both activate autophagy but through different pathways. A clinical comparison of mechanisms, evidence, dosing, and who benefits from one or both.
08
Photobiomodulation for Macular Degeneration: LIGHTSITE III Data and What It Means for Patients
Dr. Douwes reviews the 24-month LIGHTSITE III trial data on PBM for dry AMD, mechanism, patient selection, dosing protocols, and where this therapy fits in practice.
09
Photobiomodulation and Sleep Quality: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Clinical Protocol
How red and near-infrared light therapy modulates circadian rhythm, melatonin, and slow-wave sleep — with dosing protocol and patient selection criteria.
10
MOTS-c Peptide Dosage: A Physician's Protocol Guide
Evidence-based MOTS-c dosage guide covering subcutaneous injection protocols, cycling schedules, stacking strategies, and who benefits most from this mitochondrial peptide.
11
NAD+ IV Therapy Contraindications: Who Should Avoid It and Why
A physician's guide to NAD+ IV therapy contraindications — cancer history, active infections, G6PD deficiency, cardiac conditions, and pregnancy.
12
Methylene Blue Dosage Guide: Clinical Protocols, Forms, and Safety
Evidence-based methylene blue dosage guide covering cognitive, mitochondrial, and antimicrobial applications with safety protocols and contraindications.
13
Urolithin A Dosage: Physician's Guide to Timing, Protocol, and the Clinical Evidence
Physician-reviewed urolithin A dosage guide: optimal dose from 500mg to 2g, timing, cycling, and stacking protocols backed by clinical evidence.
14
CoQ10 for Fertility: What the Research Says About Egg Quality and Sperm Health
CoQ10 supplementation may improve egg quality, embryo viability, and sperm parameters. A physician's evidence review covering dosage, form, and who benefits most.
15
D-Ribose for Chronic Fatigue: Restoring Cellular Energy from the Ground Up
D-ribose is a five-carbon sugar that drives ATP synthesis. Learn how it helps chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, Lyme fatigue, and post-COVID exhaustion.
16
Ergothioneine: The Longevity Amino Acid Your Cells Actually Store
L-ergothioneine is a unique cytoprotective amino acid found in mushrooms and aged cheeses. Learn how it protects mitochondria, slows aging, and why your cells hold onto it so tightly.
17
Plasmalogens: The Brain Phospholipid Declining With Age (And How to Restore It)
Plasmalogen deficiency accelerates cognitive decline. Learn what these critical ether phospholipids do, why they drop with age, and the clinical evidence for supplementation.
18
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Root Causes, Testing, and Evidence-Based Treatment
How mitochondrial dysfunction drives fatigue, brain fog, and chronic illness — plus clinical testing and protocols to restore cellular energy production.
19
Hydrogen Water Benefits: What the Clinical Evidence Actually Shows
A physician's review of molecular hydrogen water — mechanisms, clinical trial data, dosing, and how it fits a longevity protocol. Evidence-based, hype-free.
20
Mitophagy: How to Activate Your Cells' Self-Cleaning System for Longevity
Mitophagy removes damaged mitochondria to protect energy, cognition, and lifespan. A physician explains what activates it, what blocks it, and how to optimize it.
21
PQQ Supplement: Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Brain Health & Clinical Dosing Guide
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, neuroprotection, and cellular energy. Dr. Douwes reviews the evidence and clinical dosing protocols.
22
Astaxanthin: The Most Potent Antioxidant for Mitochondrial and Cardiovascular Health
A physician's guide to astaxanthin—6,000× more potent than vitamin C—with clinical evidence for heart health, neuroprotection, eye health, and longevity.
23
Sirtuins & NAD+: The Longevity Proteins Every Physician Should Know
A physician's guide to sirtuins—the NAD+-dependent enzymes that regulate aging, metabolism, DNA repair, and inflammation across every organ system.
24
Hormesis: Why Controlled Stress Drives Longevity
Hormesis is the biological phenomenon where low-dose stressors trigger adaptive responses that strengthen resilience, slow aging, and extend healthspan. A physician's guide.
25
Medicinal Mushrooms: Clinical Evidence for Reishi, Cordyceps, Turkey Tail, and Chaga
A physician's review of the four most-studied medicinal mushrooms — what the clinical evidence actually shows and how I use them in integrative practice.
26
NMN Supplement: A Physician's Evidence-Based Dosing Guide
Clinical review of NMN supplementation: mechanisms, human trial data, optimal dosing (250–1,000 mg/day), forms ranked by bioavailability, and candidacy criteria.
27
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR): Brain Health, Fatigue, and Neuropathy — A Physician's Review
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) supports mitochondrial energy, acetylcholine synthesis, and nerve repair. Dr. Douwes reviews the clinical evidence, dosing, and stacking strategies.
28
GlyNAC: Glycine + NAC Protocol That Reverses Aging Markers
GlyNAC supplementation restores glutathione, reverses mitochondrial dysfunction, and improves multiple hallmarks of aging. Clinical evidence and physician dosing guide.
29
Humanin Peptide: The Mitochondria-Derived Longevity Signal
Dr. Julian Douwes reviews humanin, the mitochondria-derived peptide with neuroprotective, insulin-sensitizing, and anti-aging effects backed by clinical research.
30
Creatine for Longevity and Brain Health: What the Evidence Actually Shows
Creatine does far more than build muscle. This physician-reviewed guide covers creatine supplementation for longevity, cognitive health, and sarcopenia prevention.
31
MOTS-c Peptide: The Mitochondrial Signal That Reshapes Metabolism and Longevity
MOTS-c is a mitochondria-encoded peptide that activates AMPK, improves insulin sensitivity, and may extend healthspan. A physician's clinical overview.
32
Shilajit: Fulvic Acid, Mitochondrial Energy, and Testosterone Support
A physician's clinical guide to shilajit — how fulvic acid drives mitochondrial energy, supports testosterone, and offers neuroprotective effects. Dosing, forms, and safety.
33
Sulforaphane and NRF2: The Clinical Case for Broccoli's Most Powerful Compound
Sulforaphane activates the NRF2 pathway to upregulate cellular defenses. A physician's review of clinical evidence, bioavailability, and dosing strategies.
34
TUDCA: Liver Protection, Mitochondrial Support, and Neuroprotection Explained
A physician's evidence-based guide to TUDCA — how this bile acid supports liver health, stabilizes mitochondria, reduces ER stress, and protects neurons.
35
Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG): A Physician's Guide to the Longevity Molecule
Dr. Julian Douwes reviews the evidence on alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation — from TCA cycle biochemistry to epigenetic aging and clinical dosing.
36
Taurine and Longevity: A Physician's Evidence Review
Dr. Julian Douwes examines taurine's role in aging, the landmark 2023 Science study, clinical dosing protocols, and who stands to benefit most.
37
Alpha-Lipoic Acid: Neuropathy, Heavy Metal Detox, and Mitochondrial Repair
Dr. Douwes reviews alpha-lipoic acid dosing, R-ALA vs racemic forms, clinical uses for neuropathy, heavy metal chelation support, and mitochondrial longevity.
38
NAD Supplement Guide: NMN, NR, NADH and Oral NAD+ Precursors Compared
A physician's comparison of every oral NAD+ precursor — NMN, NR, NADH, and NAD3 — covering mechanisms, dosing, cofactors, and when to upgrade to IV therapy.
39
IV Laser Therapy: A Physician's Complete Guide to Intravenous Photobiomodulation
A physician's guide to intravenous laser blood irradiation: mechanisms, clinical evidence, treatment protocols, and who benefits most from ILBI therapy.
40
Urolithin A: Activating Mitophagy for Muscle Health and Longevity
Dr. Douwes reviews urolithin A — the gut-derived metabolite that activates mitophagy, preserves muscle function, and extends healthspan in clinical trials.
41
Spermidine and Longevity: The Autophagy Activator Your Cells Are Waiting For
Spermidine triggers cellular autophagy, protects cardiovascular and cognitive health, and extends lifespan in animal models. What the human evidence actually shows.
42
CoQ10 for Heart Health: What the Clinical Evidence Actually Shows
Cardiologist-reviewed guide to CoQ10 for heart failure, hypertension, and statin-related symptoms. Dosing, forms, and who benefits most.
43
Photobiomodulation for Depression: What the Clinical Evidence Actually Shows
Dr. Douwes reviews transcranial photobiomodulation for depression — mechanisms, clinical trial data, dosing protocols, and how it fits an integrative mental health strategy.
44
Ubiquinol vs Ubiquinone: Which Form of CoQ10 Actually Works Better?
Ubiquinol vs ubiquinone: understand the biochemical difference, absorption data, and when each form is clinically appropriate for your patients.
45
NAD+ IV Side Effects: What to Expect and How to Manage Them
A physician's guide to NAD+ IV therapy side effects: what causes them, which are common vs serious, how to minimize discomfort, and who should avoid treatment.
46
CoQ10 for Statin Users: Why Your Cholesterol Medication Depletes CoQ10
Physician guide to CoQ10 depletion from statins. Why it happens, symptoms of statin-induced CoQ10 deficiency, optimal dosing with ubiquinol, and what the evidence shows.
47
Organic Acids Test (OAT): What It Reveals
Complete guide to the Organic Acids Test. What the 70+ markers mean, what OAT reveals about mitochondrial function, neurotransmitters, and gut health, and when to order it.
48
Photobiomodulation for Brain Fog: Mitochondrial Rescue
How photobiomodulation targets mitochondrial dysfunction to clear brain fog. Mechanism, clinical evidence, and practical application for chronic illness patients.
49
Zone 2 Training: The Foundation of Cardiovascular Longevity
Why Zone 2 cardio is the single most important exercise modality for longevity. Mitochondrial biogenesis, fat oxidation, VO2 max, and practical programming.
50
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Physician's Complete Guide
A physician's complete guide to chronic fatigue syndrome. Mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysregulation, diagnostic criteria, and the stepwise treatment approach we use at Klinik St. Georg.
51
Mitochondrial Medicine: The Energy Crisis
Why mitochondrial dysfunction underlies fatigue, cognitive decline, and aging. Testing, treatment, and what actually improves mitochondrial function.
52
CoQ10: Ubiquinol vs Ubiquinone — What Actually Matters
Evidence-based guide to CoQ10 supplementation. Ubiquinol vs ubiquinone, absorption differences, statin interactions, mitochondrial function, and what I recommend in clinical practice.
