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Peptide Evidence Checker

One card per peptide: how strong the human evidence is, its FDA, EU and WADA status, and the top safety flag, each taken from its review. Add a second peptide to compare.

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Information, not medical advice. For doses and context, read the full article.

Every value comes from the compound’s article. Where the article does not state something plainly, the card says “See the article” instead of guessing.

All 80 compounds, A–Z

10 strong12 moderate9 emerging49 limited Browse the Peptide Library

5-Amino-1MQ

NNMT inhibitor

Weight & metabolism

Limited evidence

A coherent, replicated rodent and cell literature spanning 2014–2026, and no human trials at all.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved · Not in 503A Categories 1 or 2
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: Product risk: sold as a research chemical or, without a lawful basis, as a dietary supplement.
What people report: Reported to work: Gradual fat loss over 8–12 weeks. Reported not to work: GLP-1-like weight loss.

Read the full article on 5-Amino-1MQ Dosing section of the 5-Amino-1MQ article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says A coherent, replicated rodent and cell literature spanning 2014–2026, and no human trials at all
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA, BfArM) Not listed in FDA 503A category 1 or 2
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA, BfArM)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Non-approved substance — S0, prohibited at all times
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Abaloparatide

Tymlos

Hormones, bone & sexual health

Strong evidence

Phase 3 randomised trial with fracture endpoints (ACTIVE, n = 2,463), an extension study, a randomised trial in men and meta-analyses.

Best human evidence: Phase 3 or outcome trial
FDA (US): Approved
EU: Authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Serious hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis, has been reported; severe hypersensitivity is a contraindication.
What people report: Reported to work: Rising bone density on follow-up DXA scans.

Read the full article on Abaloparatide Dosing section of the Abaloparatide article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Phase 3 randomised trial with fracture endpoints (ACTIVE, n = 2,463), an extension study, a randomised trial in men and meta-analyses
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says FDA approved (Tymlos, 2017 for women, later extended to men)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says EU authorised December 2022 (Eladynos)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA 2026: not named, approved medicine
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

ACE-031

ramatercept

Growth hormone & muscle

Emerging evidence

One phase 1 single-dose study with positive imaging and DXA endpoints, one phase 2 trial halted for safety. Efficacy was never established.

Best human evidence: 1 phase 1 single-dose study (halted)
FDA (US): Not approved · Not in 503A Categories 1 or 2
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited
Top safety flag: Epistaxis, telangiectasias and gingival bleeding in the Duchenne trial, serious enough to stop the study after the second dosing regimen even though no serious or severe adverse events were formally recorded (Campbell 2017).
What people report: Reported to work: Nothing that can be attributed to ACE-031 with any confidence. Reported not to work: The expectation of safe myostatin blockade.

Read the full article on ACE-031 Dosing section of the ACE-031 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says One phase 1 single-dose study with positive imaging and DXA endpoints, one phase 2 trial halted for safety
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Never approved anywhere. Not in FDA 503A categories 1 or 2
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Never approved anywhere
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA: prohibited (agents preventing activin receptor IIB activation)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Adamax

Brain & mood

Limited evidence

No published study on Adamax itself; all evidence is borrowed from Semax and P021.

Best human evidence: See the article
FDA (US): Not approved · Not on the 503A lists
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: No safety study exists for Adamax.
What people report: Reported to work: Acute focus and mental clarity within minutes to a few hours, lasting roughly three to four hours. Reported not to work: Complete non-response.

Read the full article on Adamax Dosing section of the Adamax article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere. Not on FDA's 503A lists
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA S0 (non-approved substance)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Adipotide

FTPP

Weight & metabolism

Limited evidence

Strong animal data (mice and three monkey species), one terminated first-in-human trial with no published results, and dose-limiting renal proximal tubule effects.

Best human evidence: 1 terminated first-in-human trial
FDA (US): Not approved · Not in 503A Category 1
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: The dose-limiting toxicity is renal.
What people report: Reported to work: Rapid weight loss over two to four weeks is the recurring claim. Reported not to work: Durability.

Read the full article on Adipotide Dosing section of the Adipotide article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Strong animal data (mice and three monkey species), one terminated first-in-human trial with no published results, and dose-limiting renal proximal tubule effects
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere. Not on the FDA 503A category 1 list
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says S0, non-approved substances: prohibited at all times
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

AHK-Cu

Skin & hair

Limited evidence

One ex vivo/in vitro study on human follicles; no human trials.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Cosmetic ingredient, not a drug · Not on the 503A lists
EU: Cosmetic ingredient, not a medicine
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: No human safety or pharmacokinetic data.
What people report: Reported to work: Positive reports describe "baby hairs" after about 3 to 6 weeks of use. Reported not to work: Nothing after months of topical use.

Read the full article on AHK-Cu Dosing section of the AHK-Cu article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says One ex vivo/in vitro study on human follicles; no human trials
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Cosmetic ingredient. Not on FDA compounding lists
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Cosmetic ingredient
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA 2026: injectable use of a non-approved substance falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

AICAR

acadesine

Weight & metabolism

Moderate evidence for human safety and pharmacodynamics

Moderate for human safety and pharmacodynamics — thousands of patients exposed — but the pivotal cardiac trial was negative, and there is no human evidence for endurance, fat loss or body composition.

Best human evidence: Phase 3 or outcome trial (negative)
FDA (US): Not approved · Not in 503A Category 1
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S4)
Top safety flag: Renal impairment, at pharmacologically active doses.
What people report: Reported to work: Very little, consistently. Reported not to work: Fat loss.

Read the full article on AICAR Dosing section of the AICAR article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says The pivotal cardiac trial was negative, and there is no human evidence for endurance, fat loss or body composition
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine anywhere. Not on the FDA 503A category 1 list
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine anywhere
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Prohibited at all times — named explicitly among AMPK activators under section S4, hormone and metabolic modulators
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

AOD-9604

Weight & metabolism

Limited evidence

Developer-run trials; pooled safety summary published (Stier 2013); obesity development stopped after a failed efficacy trial.

Best human evidence: Efficacy trial (negative)
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2.2.3)
Top safety flag: No IGF-1 rise: unlike full-length hGH, IGF-1 was not elevated, which lowers (but does not remove) the theoretical concern about proliferative effects; long-term cancer data do not exist.
What people report: Reported to work: Modest, gradual fat loss. Reported not to work: Clinically meaningful weight loss.

Read the full article on AOD-9604 Dosing section of the AOD-9604 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (human trials), which says Obesity development stopped after a failed efficacy trial
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved as a medicine (FDA, EMA, BfArM) On FDA's list of compounding substances with safety risks
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved as a medicine (FDA, EMA, BfArM)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA S2.2.3
Top safety flag: section “Safety Profile and Contraindications”
What people report: section “What people report”

ARA-290

cibinetide

Healing & repair

Emerging evidence

Small randomised trials (n = 22 to 64, 28 days each) with a consistent direction and objective surrogate endpoints; no phase 3.

Best human evidence: Small randomised trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0, S2.1.5)
Top safety flag: Unknowns worth naming: long-term use, use in people with active cancer, pregnancy, and interactions with the immunosuppressants used in sarcoidosis.
What people report: Reported to work: Less burning, numbness and tingling, and better temperature sensation. Reported not to work: No relief after 14 days, 6 weeks, 8 weeks or a full course.

Read the full article on ARA-290 Dosing section of the ARA-290 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Small randomised trials (n = 22 to 64, 28 days each) with a consistent direction and objective surrogate endpoints
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA 2026: prohibited (S0 and the S2.1.5 class)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Bimagrumab

with semaglutide

Weight & metabolism

Emerging evidence

One placebo-controlled 48-week phase 2 trial of bimagrumab alone (58 adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity) and phase 2 data with semaglutide, partly interim; not approved.

Best human evidence: 1 placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S4.3)
Top safety flag: See the article
What people report: See the article

Read the full article on Bimagrumab Dosing section of the Bimagrumab article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says One placebo-controlled 48-week phase 2 trial of bimagrumab alone (58 adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity) and phase 2 data with semaglutide, partly interim
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Investigational (as of July 2026)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Investigational (as of July 2026)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Prohibited at all times: anti-activin receptor IIB antibodies are listed under S4.3, with bimagrumab named as the example. Semaglutide is permitted

BPC-157

Healing & repair

Limited evidence

Extensive animal studies; no large-scale human RCTs.

Best human evidence: No large human trials
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited
Top safety flag: The angiogenesis-promoting properties of BPC-157 raise a theoretical concern in the context of existing malignancies.
What people report: Reported to work: Less pain and better movement after tendon, ligament and muscle injuries. Reported not to work: A share of users notice nothing.

Read the full article on BPC-157 Dosing section of the BPC-157 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says No large-scale human RCTs
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA-approved. FDA-flagged compounding safety risk
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not EMA/BfArM-authorised
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA-prohibited
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Bronchogen

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

Rat and cell studies only, from groups linked to the developers.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: Users running Bronchogen and Chonluten together describe subjectively easier breathing during long-COVID recovery. Reported not to work: In broader bioregulator threads many users say they felt nothing from organ-specific courses and question the cost.

Read the full article on Bronchogen Dosing section of the Bronchogen article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Rat and cell studies only, from groups linked to the developers
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0 (non-approved substances)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Cardiogen

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

Cell, tissue-culture and rodent studies from the developer network only.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No human safety data at all.
What people report: Reported to work: Little that is specific. Reported not to work: The common verdict in the same threads is that you do not feel it.

Read the full article on Cardiogen Dosing section of the Cardiogen article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Cell, tissue-culture and rodent studies from the developer network only
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Cartalax

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

Human cell cultures and rat studies from one network; no clinical trials.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: Users who ran three rounds of injectable Cartalax with Prostamax describe it as worth repeating. Reported not to work: In general bioregulator threads many users notice nothing from organ-specific courses.

Read the full article on Cartalax Dosing section of the Cartalax article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Human cell cultures and rat studies from one network; no clinical trials
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Cerebrolysin

Brain & mood

Moderate evidence

Many RCTs and Cochrane reviews, but the largest stroke trial was negative, dementia effects are small and low-certainty, and much of the positive data is manufacturer-supported.

Best human evidence: Randomised trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Authorised in some EU countries only
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Cochrane's 2023 analysis found more non-fatal serious adverse events with Cerebrolysin after stroke (RR 2.39).
What people report: Reported to work: Clearer thinking and less brain fog. Reported not to work: A meaningful share of users report feeling nothing, according to protocol aggregators.

Read the full article on Cerebrolysin Dosing section of the Cerebrolysin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Many RCTs and Cochrane reviews
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA-approved
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Prescription drug in Austria, Romania, South Korea, Russia and other countries
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not on the WADA list
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin

Growth hormone & muscle

Limited evidence

Small controlled human studies of each peptide (hormone levels only; CJC-1295 data are from the DAC version); no published trial of the combination.

Best human evidence: Small controlled human studies
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited
Top safety flag: Contraindication: active malignancy.
What people report: Reported to work: Deeper sleep and more vivid dreams within the first 1-2 weeks. Reported not to work: Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet shortly after injection.

Read the full article on CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin Dosing section of the CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Small controlled human studies of each peptide (hormone levels only; CJC-1295 data are from the DAC version)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA-approved. FDA-flagged compounding safety risk
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not EMA/BfArM-authorised
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA-prohibited
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Collagen peptides

Skin & hair

Moderate evidence

Joint: Level I RCTs; Skin: Level I RCTs; Gut: Level II.

Best human evidence: Randomised trials
FDA (US): See the article
EU: Sold as a food supplement, not a medicine
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Watch for hypersensitivity if sourced from fish or bovine.
What people report: See the article

Read the full article on Collagen peptides Dosing section of the Collagen peptides article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Joint: Level I RCTs
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status (eu)), which says Sold in the EU as food and in food supplements, not as a medicine
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not on the Prohibited List; supplements can be contaminated with prohibited substances, so athletes should use batch-tested products
Top safety flag: At a Glance table (safety)

Cortagen

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

Rat and cell studies from the developer network; no published human trial.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported not to work: Many users of organ-bioregulator rotations report no noticeable change.

Read the full article on Cortagen Dosing section of the Cortagen article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says No published human trial
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”, which says No human safety data in the indexed literature
What people report: section “What people report”

Crystagen

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

Three small pre-clinical papers, no human data.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: Some users of the immune bioregulators. Reported not to work: A recurring theme is that oral bioregulator courses produce nothing users can feel.

Read the full article on Crystagen Dosing section of the Crystagen article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Three small pre-clinical papers, no human data
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Dihexa

Brain & mood

Limited evidence

Animal studies only; no published human clinical trials.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited
Top safety flag: Safety profile is essentially undocumented.
What people report: Reported to work: Vivid dreams, the most consistent effect across users. Reported not to work: No perceptible change at all.

Read the full article on Dihexa Dosing section of the Dihexa article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Animal studies only; no published human clinical trials
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Research compound
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Research compound
WADA (sport): article text, which says Dihexa is not approved anywhere, and it is prohibited in sport
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”, which says Due to the absence of formal human studies, the safety profile is essentially undocumented
What people report: section “What people report”

DSIP

delta sleep-inducing peptide

Brain & mood

Limited evidence

Animal studies, limited human studies (1980s-90s era)

Best human evidence: Small human studies
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: See the article
What people report: Reported to work: Deeper, more restorative sleep. Reported not to work: Next-day grogginess.

Read the full article on DSIP Dosing section of the DSIP article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Animal studies, limited human studies (1980s-90s era)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved. DSIP (emideltide) is not an approved medicine, and FDA lists it among compounding substances that may present significant safety risks
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named; as a non-approved substance it falls under S0 (prohibited at all times)
What people report: section “What people report”

Eloralintide

Weight & metabolism

Emerging evidence

One 48-week randomised phase 2 trial (n = 263), a multiple-ascending-dose phase 1 (n = 100), a first-in-human phase 1 (n = 48) and preclinical discovery work. No phase 3 results, no approval.

Best human evidence: 1 randomised phase 2 trial
FDA (US): Not approved · Not on the 503A lists
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: In trials: nausea and fatigue dominate, both dose-related, with the caveat about the non-monotonic nausea pattern noted above.
What people report: Reported not to work: Nothing from real use, because there is no real use.

Read the full article on Eloralintide Dosing section of the Eloralintide article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says One 48-week randomised phase 2 trial (n = 263), a multiple-ascending-dose phase 1 (n = 100), a first-in-human phase 1 (n = 48) and preclinical discovery work
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Investigational. Not on any compounding list
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Investigational
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Non-approved substance — S0, prohibited at all times
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Epithalon

epitalon

Longevity & mitochondria

Limited evidence

Animal studies, limited human studies (primarily Khavinson group)

Best human evidence: Small human studies
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: The telomerase-cancer question is the central safety concern with Epithalon.
What people report: Reported to work: Better sleep during a course. Reported not to work: Many users say the effects are subtle and hard to measure.

Read the full article on Epithalon Dosing section of the Epithalon article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Animal studies, limited human studies (primarily Khavinson group)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved. FDA-flagged compounding safety risk
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named; as a non-approved substance it falls under S0 (prohibited at all times)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Follistatin

FST-344

Growth hormone & muscle

Emerging evidence for AAV follistatin gene therapy in specific muscle diseases

Emerging for AAV follistatin gene therapy in specific muscle diseases (small, mostly uncontrolled trials, one contested); Limited for injected follistatin protein, which has no human data at all.

Best human evidence: Gene-therapy trials only; none for injected follistatin
FDA (US): Not approved · Not in 503A Categories 1 or 2
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: Very little, consistently. Reported not to work: The animal-study expectation.

Read the full article on Follistatin Dosing section of the Follistatin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: editor’s summary of the article, which says Emerging for AAV follistatin gene therapy in specific muscle diseases (small, mostly uncontrolled trials); Limited for injected follistatin protein, which has no human data at all
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere in any form. Not in FDA 503A categories 1 or 2
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere in any form
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA: prohibited (agents preventing activin receptor IIB activation)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

FOXO4-DRI

Longevity & mitochondria

Limited evidence

Preclinical only.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: No human safety profile.
What people report: Reported to work: More energy and a general sense of feeling better. Reported not to work: No noticeable difference.

Read the full article on FOXO4-DRI Dosing section of the FOXO4-DRI article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (human trials published), which says Human trials published: none
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA, EMA or any agency
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA, EMA or any agency
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA S0 (prohibited at all times)
Top safety flag: section “Safety”, which says Because no human study is published, there is no human safety profile
What people report: section “What people report”

GHK-Cu

copper peptide

Skin & hair

Limited evidence

Small controlled human studies (topical); animal and cell studies (systemic)

Best human evidence: Small controlled human studies
FDA (US): Cosmetic ingredient, not a drug · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Cosmetic ingredient, not a medicine
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No systematic human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: Smoother texture, better hydration and a firmer feel with daily topical use of a 1-2% product. Reported not to work: Mild skin irritation at the start of topical use.

Read the full article on GHK-Cu Dosing section of the GHK-Cu article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Small controlled human studies (topical)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Available as cosmetic ingredient. Injectable form FDA-flagged as compounding safety risk
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Available as cosmetic ingredient
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named. Injectable use of an unapproved substance may fall under S0; athletes should check with their anti-doping organisation
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”, which says For injection, there are no systematic human safety data; anecdotal reports describe minor injection site reactions and transient nausea, and the FDA has flagged injectable GHK-Cu as a compounding safety risk
What people report: section “What people report”

GHRP-2

pralmorelin

Growth hormone & muscle

Moderate evidence for what it does to hormones

Moderate for what it does to hormones (controlled human pharmacology, a 30-day infusion study, diagnostic validation); Limited for any clinical or body-composition outcome, which no trial has measured.

Best human evidence: Controlled human pharmacology studies
FDA (US): Not approved · 503A Category 3
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2)
Top safety flag: In humans: acute studies report facial flushing, transient drowsiness, sweating and a metallic taste.
What people report: Reported to work: Hunger, within 20-40 minutes of an injection. Reported not to work: Muscle gain on GHRP-2 alone.

Read the full article on GHRP-2 Dosing section of the GHRP-2 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Moderate for what it does to hormones (controlled human pharmacology, a 30-day infusion study, diagnostic validation)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved in the US or EU. FDA 503A category 3
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved in the US or EU
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA: prohibited at all times (S2)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

GHRP-6

Growth hormone & muscle

Moderate evidence for GH pharmacology and pharmacokinetics in humans

Moderate for GH pharmacology and pharmacokinetics in humans; Limited for everything else, because the cytoprotection and tissue-repair work is animal and cell data only.

Best human evidence: Human pharmacology studies
FDA (US): Not approved · 503A Category 3
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2)
Top safety flag: In humans: facial flushing, warmth, sweating, transient drowsiness, hunger and injection-site reactions.
What people report: Reported to work: Intense hunger 20 to 30 minutes after an injection. Reported not to work: Fat loss.

Read the full article on GHRP-6 Dosing section of the GHRP-6 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Moderate for GH pharmacology and pharmacokinetics in humans
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved in the US or EU. FDA 503A category 3
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved in the US or EU
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA: prohibited at all times (S2)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

GLOW blend

Blends

Limited evidence

The combination is untested; components range from limited (BPC-157, TB-500) to emerging (topical GHK-Cu)

Best human evidence: No trials of the combination
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0, S2.3)
Top safety flag: Each component's unknowns carry over, and they add up.
What people report: Reported to work: Skin: less redness after acne, smoother texture, less visible cellulite. Reported not to work: Injection-site pain is the main complaint.

Read the full article on GLOW blend Dosing section of the GLOW blend article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says The combination is untested
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says No component approved as a medicine by FDA or EMA. All three on FDA's significant-safety-risk compounding list (GHK-Cu for injection)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says No component approved as a medicine by FDA or EMA
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA 2026: prohibited (BPC-157 in S0, TB-500 in S2.3)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and legal status”
What people report: section “What people report”

GLP-1 (7-36) amide

native GLP-1, pure GLP-1

Weight & metabolism

Moderate evidence for the physiology

Moderate for the physiology — several well-designed human infusion studies — but Limited for any self-administered use, where no trial exists and the pharmacokinetics argue against it.

Best human evidence: Human studies
FDA (US): Not approved · Not in 503A Category 1
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: Acute, short-lived appetite and fullness effects in the 30–60 minutes after injection. Reported not to work: Sustained appetite suppression between doses.

Read the full article on GLP-1 (7-36) amide Dosing section of the GLP-1 (7-36) amide article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Several well-designed human infusion studies
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA, EMA or BfArM. Not on the FDA 503A category 1 list
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA, EMA or BfArM
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says S0, non-approved substances: prohibited at all times
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”, which says There is no human safety data set for repeated subcutaneous bolus administration, because nobody has studied it
What people report: section “What people report”

Glutathione

Longevity & mitochondria

Moderate evidence

Good human pharmacokinetic and biomarker data; randomised outcome evidence is positive for cisplatin neuropathy, negative in cystic fibrosis, and not superior to placebo in Parkinson's disease.

Best human evidence: Randomised trials (mixed results)
FDA (US): Sold as a dietary supplement · Not in 503A Category 1
EU: Authorised in some EU countries only
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Transient sulfur taste or odour, flushing, chest tightness and nausea with fast pushes; bloating and loose stools at higher doses; injection-site discomfort with IM use.
What people report: Reported to work: Mental clarity, often described as the earliest effect, within the first one to three IV sessions. Reported not to work: "It did nothing for me" is a common verdict for oral forms.

Read the full article on Glutathione Dosing section of the Glutathione article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Randomised outcome evidence is positive for cisplatin neuropathy, negative in cystic fibrosis, and not superior to placebo in Parkinson's disease
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says In the US a dietary supplement orally and a compounded injectable with repeated FDA endotoxin alerts. Glutathione does not appear on FDA's 503A category 1 or category 2 peptide lists; the enforcement issue has been ingredient quality rather than the substance itself
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Licensed injectable medicine in Italy and some other countries for cisplatin neuropathy prophylaxis
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not on the WADA list
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Gonadorelin

Hormones, bone & sexual health

Strong evidence for diagnostic testing and for pulsatile pump therapy in GnRH deficiency

Strong for diagnostic testing and for pulsatile pump therapy in GnRH deficiency (decades of controlled and comparative studies); Limited for the twice-weekly injection pattern used alongside testosterone therapy, which has no trial.

Best human evidence: Controlled and comparative studies
FDA (US): Branded products discontinued · Not in 503A Category 1
EU: Authorised in some EU countries only
WADA (sport): Prohibited in males
Top safety flag: Desensitisation and paradoxical suppression.
What people report: Reported to work: Some preservation of testicular size. Reported not to work: Replacing hCG one for one.

Read the full article on Gonadorelin Dosing section of the Gonadorelin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Strong for diagnostic testing and for pulsatile pump therapy in GnRH deficiency (decades of controlled and comparative studies)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Branded US products discontinued. It does not appear in category 1 or category 2 of FDA's 503A bulk drug substance list (updated 14 May 2026), and a USP monograph for gonadorelin acetate exists, which is relevant to its eligibility for compounding
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Registered in parts of Europe for pulsatile therapy
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA: prohibited in males
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Hexarelin

Growth hormone & muscle

Moderate evidence for human GH pharmacology

Moderate for human GH pharmacology, dose-response and desensitisation; Limited for cardiac benefit (small acute studies) and Limited for body composition, which the one chronic study failed to move.

Best human evidence: Human pharmacology studies
FDA (US): Not approved · Not in 503A Categories 1 or 2
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2)
Top safety flag: In humans: flushing, transient drowsiness, sweating and injection-site reactions.
What people report: Reported to work: The strongest GH-type symptoms in this family within the first two weeks. Reported not to work: Lasting body-composition change.

Read the full article on Hexarelin Dosing section of the Hexarelin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Moderate for human GH pharmacology, dose-response and desensitisation
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved in the US or EU. Not in category 1 or 2 of FDA's 503A list
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved in the US or EU
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA: prohibited at all times (S2)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

HGH Fragment 176-191

Weight & metabolism

Limited evidence

Rodent and adipocyte studies from 1978–2001 only; zero human trials of the unmodified fragment, and the modified analogue's human programme showed no meaningful weight loss.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved · Not in 503A Category 1
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2.2.3)
Top safety flag: What is reported in practice: Injection-site redness and irritation; occasional transient headache or fatigue.
What people report: Reported to work: Mild appetite reduction and a subjective sense of easier fat loss during a calorie deficit. Reported not to work: Visible fat loss without dietary change.

Read the full article on HGH Fragment 176-191 Dosing section of the HGH Fragment 176-191 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Zero human trials of the unmodified fragment, and the modified analogue's human programme showed no meaningful weight loss
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA, BfArM) AOD-9604 is on FDA's "nominated then withdrawn" compounding list, not in category 1
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA, BfArM)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says S2.2.3, growth hormone fragments: prohibited at all times
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Humanin

Longevity & mitochondria

Limited evidence

Strong in vitro/animal; emerging human correlational data.

Best human evidence: See the article
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: See the article
What people report: Reported to work: A general sense of better recovery from training or physical stress. Reported not to work: No noticeable effect.

Read the full article on Humanin Dosing section of the Humanin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
FDA (US): article text, which says No pharmaceutical humanin preparation is currently approved or available through regulated compounding in most jurisdictions
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status (eu)), which says Not authorised in the EU: no EMA marketing authorisation
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named; as a non-approved substance it falls under S0 (prohibited at all times)
What people report: section “What people report”

IGF-1 LR3

Growth hormone & muscle

Limited evidence

No human studies of any kind. The supporting data are rodent anabolism studies, receptor pharmacology, and extrapolation from recombinant native IGF-1.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved · Not in 503A Categories 1 or 2
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2)
Top safety flag: Mitogenic concern: IGF-1R signalling is a canonical proliferation and survival pathway, and high circulating IGF-1 associates with prostate and premenopausal breast cancer risk (Renehan 2004).
What people report: Reported to work: Hypoglycaemic symptoms at higher doses. Reported not to work: Dramatic results.

Read the full article on IGF-1 LR3 Dosing section of the IGF-1 LR3 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says No human studies of any kind
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere. Not in FDA 503A categories 1 or 2
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA: prohibited at all times (S2)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Ipamorelin

Growth hormone & muscle

Limited evidence

Phase II clinical data (postoperative ileus); no approved indication; widely used off-label in longevity medicine.

Best human evidence: Phase 1–2 trials
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2)
Top safety flag: Serious adverse events reported to the FDA, including a death when ipamorelin was given intravenously.
What people report: Reported to work: Deeper, better sleep. Reported not to work: Mild hunger 20-30 minutes after an injection, and slight drowsiness after bedtime doses.

Read the full article on Ipamorelin Dosing section of the Ipamorelin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (research status), which says Phase II clinical data (postoperative ileus)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved (FDA, EMA, BfArM) FDA lists it as a compounding substance that may present significant safety risks
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved (FDA, EMA, BfArM)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA S2 prohibited
Top safety flag: section “Side Effects and Safety Profile”
What people report: section “What people report”

Khavinson bioregulators (overview)

Thymalin, Cytomax, Cytogen

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

One developer-run cohort of 266 older adults followed for 6-8 years, reporting lower mortality; not independently replicated.

Best human evidence: Human studies
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No independent long-term safety data.
What people report: See the article

Read the full article on Khavinson bioregulators (overview)

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (best human evidence), which says One developer-run cohort of 266 older adults followed for 6-8 years, reporting lower mortality
FDA (US): At a Glance table (approval status), which says Not approved by the FDA or the EMA
EU: At a Glance table (approval status), which says Not approved by the FDA or the EMA
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named individually; non-approved substances fall under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety Profile and Risks”, which says No independent long-term safety data exist

Kisspeptin

Hormones, bone & sexual health

Emerging evidence

Phase 1/2 human trials; not approved as a medicine in any country.

Best human evidence: Phase 1–2 trials
FDA (US): Not approved · 503A Category 2
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited in males
Top safety flag: See the article
What people report: Reported to work: An LH and testosterone rise on bloodwork. Reported not to work: A lasting rise from frequent dosing.

Read the full article on Kisspeptin Dosing section of the Kisspeptin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Phase 1/2 human trials
FDA (US): At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Not approved as a medicine in any country. The unknowns are product quality and long-term safety; FDA placed kisspeptin-10 in 503A category 2 in 2023, citing possible immunogenicity and limited safety information
EU: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Not approved as a medicine in any country
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Prohibited in males at all times: kisspeptin and its agonist analogues are named under S2.2.1 (testosterone-stimulating peptides in males)
What people report: section “What people report”

KLOW blend

Blends

Limited evidence

Combination untested; KPV has no human data; other components limited to emerging.

Best human evidence: No trials of the combination
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0, S2.3)
Top safety flag: The unknowns of four peptides add up, and a side effect cannot be traced to any one of them.
What people report: Reported to work: Skin quality, healing after procedures and less joint pain. Reported not to work: Painful, delayed injection-site reactions with red, itchy bumps.

Read the full article on KLOW blend Dosing section of the KLOW blend article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Combination untested; KPV has no human data; other components limited to emerging
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says No component approved by FDA or EMA. All four on FDA's significant-safety-risk compounding list (GHK-Cu for injection)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says No component approved by FDA or EMA
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA 2026: prohibited (BPC-157 in S0, TB-500 in S2.3)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and legal status”
What people report: section “What people report”

KPV

Immune & inflammation

Limited evidence

Animal studies; limited clinical observation.

Best human evidence: Small human studies
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No systematic human safety data for KPV.
What people report: Reported to work: Less bloating, cramping and bowel irregularity. Reported not to work: Side effects are rarely described.

Read the full article on KPV Dosing section of the KPV article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Limited clinical observation
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved. FDA-flagged compounding safety risk
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named; as a non-approved substance it falls under S0 (prohibited at all times)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”, which says Given the absence of formal human studies, there are no systematic human safety data for KPV, and the absence of reported adverse events is not evidence of safety
What people report: section “What people report”

Liraglutide

Saxenda, Victoza

Weight & metabolism

Strong evidence

The SCALE programme (four large randomised trials), the LEADER cardiovascular outcome trial, a paediatric randomised trial, and a head-to-head against semaglutide.

Best human evidence: 4 large randomised trials
FDA (US): Approved
EU: Authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Contraindications: personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma, MEN2, prior hypersensitivity to liraglutide, pregnancy and breastfeeding.
What people report: Reported to work: Appetite suppression starting within the first few days. Reported not to work: Weight maintenance after stopping.

Read the full article on Liraglutide Dosing section of the Liraglutide article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says The SCALE programme (four large randomised trials), the LEADER cardiovascular outcome trial, a paediatric randomised trial, and a head-to-head against semaglutide
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says FDA approved (Victoza 2010, Saxenda 2014; first generic approved and launched August 2025)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says EMA approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says GLP-1 receptor agonists are not prohibited as a class; verify the current list before competition
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Livagen

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

In-vitro and rat studies from groups linked to the developers.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: Some users running Livagen and Vesugen during steroid cycles say their bloodwork "looked a bit cleaner" after several courses. Reported not to work: In the same threads, others report no noticeable effect from organ bioregulator rotations and question the cost.

Read the full article on Livagen Dosing section of the Livagen article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says In-vitro and rat studies from groups linked to the developers
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

LL-37

cathelicidin

Immune & inflammation

Limited evidence

Extensive in vitro and animal data; limited therapeutic human studies.

Best human evidence: Small human studies
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No systematic human safety data for injected LL-37.
What people report: Reported to work: Fewer respiratory infections over weeks to months. Reported not to work: Low-grade fever, tiredness and body aches in the first days.

Read the full article on LL-37 Dosing section of the LL-37 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Limited therapeutic human studies
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved as therapeutic. FDA-flagged compounding safety risk
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved as therapeutic
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named; as a non-approved substance it falls under S0 (prohibited at all times)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Mazdutide

Weight & metabolism

Strong evidence within the Chinese population

Strong within the Chinese population — two phase 3 obesity trials, phase 3 diabetes trials and a US phase 2 — but Moderate for global applicability: lower baseline BMI than Western trials, no FDA/EMA approval, no head-to-head against tirzepatide.

Best human evidence: 2 phase 3 obesity trials
FDA (US): Not approved · Not in 503A Category 1
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Likely prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: Common: diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, constipation, upper respiratory infection, injection-site reactions.
What people report: Reported to work: Appetite suppression similar in character to other weekly agents in this class. Reported not to work: Tolerability at high doses.

Read the full article on Mazdutide Dosing section of the Mazdutide article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Two phase 3 obesity trials, phase 3 diabetes trials and a US phase 2
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA or EMA. Mazdutide does not appear in the FDA 503A category 1 list, so compounding is not covered by the interim enforcement policy — see the FDA 2026 compounding update
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA or EMA
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Approved only in China; elsewhere best treated as a non-approved substance (S0) — verify before competition
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Melanotan 1

afamelanotide, Scenesse

Skin & hair

Moderate evidence for EPP

Moderate for EPP (two randomised phase 3 trials plus registries); Limited for tanning in healthy people (small open-label phase 1 studies)

Best human evidence: 2 randomised phase 3 trials
FDA (US): Approved
EU: Authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: People with a history of melanoma, dysplastic nevus syndrome or many atypical moles are poor candidates, because the pigment stimulus acts on moles too.
What people report: Reported to work: In EPP, the implant lets many patients spend real time outdoors. Reported not to work: Little or no tan without UV exposure at community doses.

Read the full article on Melanotan 1 Dosing section of the Melanotan 1 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Moderate for EPP (two randomised phase 3 trials plus registries)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says FDA approved 2019 for adults with EPP
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says EMA authorised 22 Dec 2014 (exceptional circumstances)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA 2026: not named on the Prohibited List
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Melanotan 2

MT-II

Skin & hair

Limited evidence

Three small studies (23 men in total) plus case reports; no safety study of repeated use.

Best human evidence: 3 small studies
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: Pigmented lesions: eruptive nevi, darkening of existing nevi, dysplastic nevi, melanoma and melanoma in situ.
What people report: Reported to work: Tanning. Reported not to work: No visible change at low intermittent doses.

Read the full article on Melanotan 2 Dosing section of the Melanotan 2 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Three small studies (23 men in total) plus case reports
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA, EMA or any regulator. On FDA's list of compounding substances with significant safety risks
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA, EMA or any regulator
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA 2026: S0 (non-approved substance), prohibited at all times
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

MGF

mechano growth factor

Growth hormone & muscle

Limited evidence

The endogenous splice-variant biology is solid; the synthetic peptide's activity is contested, with a well-powered negative reproduction study and no human trials at all.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved · 503A Category 3
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: A local pump or fullness in the injected muscle. Reported not to work: Measurable muscle gain.

Read the full article on MGF Dosing section of the MGF article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says The synthetic peptide's activity is contested, with a well-powered negative reproduction study and no human trials at all
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere. FDA 503A category 3 (nominated without adequate support)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA: prohibited at all times
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”, which says There are no human safety data, no pharmacokinetic study in people, and no immunogenicity assessment
What people report: section “What people report”

MK-677

ibutamoren

Growth hormone & muscle

Moderate evidence for raising GH

Moderate for raising GH, IGF-1 and lean mass (several randomised trials, one lasting two years); Limited for strength, function and clinical outcomes: no trial showed a benefit, and the hip-fracture trial stopped early for a heart-failure signal.

Best human evidence: Randomised trials
FDA (US): Not approved · 503A Category 2
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2.2.4)
Top safety flag: A ghrelin-driven increase in aldosterone activity contributes to mild sodium and water retention in some patients, particularly in the first 2–4 weeks.
What people report: Reported to work: Better sleep within the first week. Reported not to work: Fat loss.

Read the full article on MK-677 Dosing section of the MK-677 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Moderate for raising GH, IGF-1 and lean mass (several randomised trials, one lasting two years)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Never approved (FDA, EMA, BfArM) FDA 503A category 2 (compounding not permitted)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Never approved (FDA, EMA, BfArM)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA S2.2.4
Top safety flag: section “Side Effects and Safety: What Patients Need to Know”
What people report: section “What people report”

MOTS-c

Longevity & mitochondria

Limited evidence

Preclinical + early human studies; no human treatment trial; not FDA-approved.

Best human evidence: Small human studies
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: Source quality: as with all research peptides, contamination, incorrect concentration, and improper storage are real risks with non-pharmaceutical-grade sourcing.
What people report: Reported to work: More stamina during cardio. Reported not to work: No noticeable effect.

Read the full article on MOTS-c Dosing section of the MOTS-c article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Preclinical + early human studies
FDA (US): At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Not FDA-approved. MOTS-c is not approved by the FDA, EMA, or BfArM, and the FDA has flagged it as a compounding substance that may present significant safety risks
EU: article text, which says MOTS-c is not approved by the FDA, EMA, or BfArM, and the FDA has flagged it as a compounding substance that may present significant safety risks
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Falls under S0 (non-approved substances): prohibited at all times
Top safety flag: section “Safety Profile and Limitations”
What people report: section “What people report”

NAD+

IV and injections

Longevity & mitochondria

Moderate evidence

Clinical studies available.

Best human evidence: Human studies
FDA (US): See the article
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: One area of ongoing discussion is whether boosting NAD+ could theoretically support the survival of existing cancer cells, since cancer cells also rely on NAD+ for energy metabolism.
What people report: See the article

Read the full article on NAD+ Dosing section of the NAD+ article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Moderate (clinical studies available)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status (eu)), which says No EU-wide (EMA) marketing authorisation for NAD+ as a medicine
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says NAD+ is not on the Prohibited List, but IV infusions or injections of more than 100 millilitres per 12 hours are a prohibited method (M2.2) unless received during hospital treatment, surgery or clinical diagnostic investigations
Top safety flag: section “Safety Considerations”

Ovagen

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

Rat kidney and cell studies only; nothing on the liver, nothing in humans.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: No consistent, specific benefit for Ovagen appears in community threads. Reported not to work: General bioregulator threads include many users who felt nothing from oral courses.

Read the full article on Ovagen Dosing section of the Ovagen article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Rat kidney and cell studies only
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Oxytocin

Brain & mood

Moderate evidence for pharmacology and tolerability

Moderate for pharmacology and tolerability; limited for behavioural and clinical effects, with major replication failures.

Best human evidence: See the article
FDA (US): Approved
EU: Not authorised for this use
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Mild headache, nasal irritation, thirst, increased urination, constipation, transient flushing, sleepiness or emotional blunting.
What people report: Reported to work: A subtle reduction in social tension and self-monitoring. Reported not to work: Side effects described.

Read the full article on Oxytocin Dosing section of the Oxytocin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says FDA-approved as an injection only
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not authorised in Germany for these uses
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not on the WADA Prohibited List
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

P021

Brain & mood

Limited evidence

Consistent rodent data, mostly from one laboratory; zero human studies.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved · Not on the 503A lists
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: Cognitive clarity, stamina and verbal fluency within about a week. Reported not to work: No noticeable effect from products of uncertain origin.

Read the full article on P021 Dosing section of the P021 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Consistent rodent data, mostly from one laboratory; zero human studies
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere. Not on FDA's 503A lists
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA S0 (non-approved substance)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

PE-22-28

mini-spadin

Brain & mood

Limited evidence

Mouse and cell studies from one research group; no human study of any kind and no human safety data.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved · Not on the 503A lists
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: No human safety data for PE-22-28.
What people report: Reported to work: Lifted mood and motivation. Reported not to work: Lethargy, flatness and sedation at higher doses.

Read the full article on PE-22-28 Dosing section of the PE-22-28 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says No human study of any kind and no human safety data
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere. Not on FDA's 503A bulk lists
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA S0 (non-approved substance)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

PEG-MGF

Growth hormone & muscle

Limited evidence

No human studies. The parent peptide's central muscle-cell finding failed independent reproduction, and PEGylation has not been characterised for this molecule in any published pharmacokinetic study.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved · 503A nomination withdrawn
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited
Top safety flag: Proliferative signalling: anything intended to activate satellite cells warrants caution in people with a current or prior malignancy.
What people report: Reported to work: Convenience over native MGF. Reported not to work: Muscle growth.

Read the full article on PEG-MGF Dosing section of the PEG-MGF article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says No human studies. The parent peptide's central muscle-cell finding failed independent reproduction, and PEGylation has not been characterised for this molecule in any published pharmacokinetic study
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere. On FDA's table of previously nominated 503A substances whose nominations were withdrawn, with no human exposure data identified
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA: prohibited at all times
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Pentosan polysulfate

Elmiron

Healing & repair

Strong evidence

FDA-approved for interstitial cystitis; for knee OA, small human trials (pilot RCT, open trial, exploratory phase 2) and a phase 3 trial that is still running, with no results yet.

Best human evidence: Small randomised trials
FDA (US): Approved
EU: Not authorised for this use
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Oral PPS: most common side effects include alopecia (hair thinning), diarrhea, nausea, and headache.
What people report: Reported to work: Less joint pain and stiffness after a 4-8 week injection course. Reported not to work: Oral PPS not helping the bladder.

Read the full article on Pentosan polysulfate Dosing section of the Pentosan polysulfate article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says For knee OA, small human trials (pilot RCT, open trial, exploratory phase 2) and
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says FDA-approved as Elmiron (oral) for interstitial cystitis
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Injectable form investigated for knee OA, not authorised for human OA in the EU or US
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named on the Prohibited List; pentosan polysulfate is an approved medicine (Elmiron), so the rule for non-approved substances does not apply
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Pinealon

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

Cell and rodent studies plus one small uncontrolled human study, all from the developer network.

Best human evidence: 1 small uncontrolled human study
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No adequate human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: The most common report is less brain fog and clearer mornings within about 10 days. Reported not to work: Users of capsule bioregulators often report no noticeable change, and doubt about oral absorption is common.

Read the full article on Pinealon Dosing section of the Pinealon article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Cell and rodent studies plus one small uncontrolled human study, all from the developer network
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

PNC-27

Cancer research

Limited evidence

Preclinical only; no published or registered human trial.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: No verifiable report of benefit in a person turned up in my search.

Read the full article on PNC-27 Dosing section of the PNC-27 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Preclinical only; no published or registered human trial
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA 2026: S0 (non-approved substance)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Prostamax

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

In-vitro and rat tissue studies only.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: Some men with BPH describe a stronger urinary stream and less discomfort within about five days.

Read the full article on Prostamax Dosing section of the Prostamax article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says In-vitro and rat tissue studies only
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

PT-141

bremelanotide, Vyleesi

Hormones, bone & sexual health

Strong evidence for HSDD in premenopausal women

Strong for HSDD in premenopausal women: two replicate phase III RCTs (RECONNECT A and B) and FDA approval in 2019; Limited for men, where the data are single-dose lab studies of erections and none measured desire over weeks of use.

Best human evidence: 2 replicate phase 3 RCTs
FDA (US): Approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Melanoma history: any drug that stimulates melanocortin signaling theoretically carries concern in melanoma patients.
What people report: Reported to work: More desire and arousal, in women and in men. Reported not to work: No meaningful response in a sizeable share of users.

Read the full article on PT-141 Dosing section of the PT-141 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Two replicate phase III RCTs (RECONNECT A and B) and FDA approval in 2019
FDA (US): At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Strong for HSDD in premenopausal women: two replicate phase III RCTs (RECONNECT A and B) and FDA approval in 2019
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status (eu)), which says Not authorised in the EU: no EMA marketing authorisation for bremelanotide
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named on the Prohibited List. Bremelanotide is FDA-approved (Vyleesi), so the rule for non-approved substances does not apply; athletes should check with their anti-doping organisation
Top safety flag: section “Side Effects and Safety Considerations”
What people report: section “What people report”

Retatrutide

Weight & metabolism

Strong evidence for weight loss

Strong for weight loss: two published phase 3 RCTs (TRIUMPH-1 in 2,339 adults with obesity, TRIUMPH-2 in obesity with type 2 diabetes) after two phase 2 RCTs; still investigational, with no FDA or EMA approval confirmed in October 2026.

Best human evidence: 2 published phase 3 RCTs
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: Class effects of incretin drugs: gallbladder problems, pancreatitis concerns, dehydration from GI losses, and loss of lean mass with rapid weight loss.
What people report: Reported to work: Strong appetite suppression. Reported not to work: Fatigue (15.2%) and insomnia (6.1%).

Read the full article on Retatrutide Dosing section of the Retatrutide article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Two published phase 3 RCTs (TRIUMPH-1 in 2,339 adults with obesity, TRIUMPH-2 in obesity with type 2 diabetes) after two phase 2 RCTs
FDA (US): At a Glance table (approval status), which says Investigational
EU: At a Glance table (approval status), which says Investigational
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named on the list. Substances without any regulatory approval for human use fall under S0; athletes should check with their anti-doping organisation
Top safety flag: section “Known Risks and Product Quality”
What people report: section “What people report”

Selank

Brain & mood

Limited evidence

Russian clinical trials, human studies; limited Western replication.

Best human evidence: Human studies
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Contraindication: the Russian label lists hypersensitivity to the ingredients, pregnancy, breastfeeding and age under 18 as contraindications (no clinical studies in these groups).
What people report: Reported to work: Less anxiety without sedation. Reported not to work: Side effects are rarely described.

Read the full article on Selank Dosing section of the Selank article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Russian clinical trials, human studies
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved in US/EU. Outside Russia, selank is not approved (FDA, EMA, BfArM), and FDA lists it among compounding substances that may present significant safety risks
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved in US/EU
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named on the Prohibited List. Selank is registered in Russia, so the rule for non-approved substances arguably does not apply; athletes should get a ruling from their anti-doping organisation
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Semaglutide

Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus

Weight & metabolism

Strong evidence

Multiple large RCTs, cardiovascular outcomes data.

Best human evidence: Phase 3 or outcome trials
FDA (US): Approved
EU: Authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Thyroid monitoring: while the medullary thyroid carcinoma signal was seen only in rodents at much higher doses, thyroid function monitoring is prudent.
What people report: Reported to work: Appetite suppression within the first one to two weeks. Reported not to work: Keeping the weight off after stopping.

Read the full article on Semaglutide Dosing section of the Semaglutide article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Strong (multiple large RCTs, cardiovascular outcomes data)
FDA (US): article text
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status (eu)), which says EMA-authorised: Ozempic and Rybelsus for type 2 diabetes, Wegovy for weight management
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not prohibited: semaglutide is not on the 2026 Prohibited List, and WADA tracks its use through the Monitoring Program
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Considerations”
What people report: section “What people report”

Semax

Brain & mood

Limited evidence

Russian clinical studies, mostly small and without placebo (in stroke, 30 patients compared with 80 on standard therapy alone); no phase III RCT by EMA or FDA criteria.

Best human evidence: Small controlled human studies
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Nasal irritation: mild and transient, usually resolving within the first week.
What people report: Reported to work: Sharper focus and less mental fog. Reported not to work: Overstimulation, restlessness and mild headaches at higher doses.

Read the full article on Semax Dosing section of the Semax article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Limited: Russian clinical studies, mostly small and without placebo (in stroke, 30 patients compared with 80 on standard therapy alone)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not authorised by EMA or FDA. On the FDA's list of compounding substances that may present significant safety risks
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not authorised by EMA or FDA
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named on the Prohibited List. Semax is registered as a medicine in Russia, so the rule for non-approved substances arguably does not apply; athletes should get a ruling from their anti-doping organisation
Top safety flag: section “Side Effects and Safety Profile”
What people report: section “What people report”

Sermorelin

Geref

Growth hormone & muscle

Limited evidence

Small trials on GH/IGF-1 and body composition; no outcome trials.

Best human evidence: Small human studies
FDA (US): Formerly approved, withdrawn
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2)
Top safety flag: Injection site reactions: transient flushing, redness, or swelling at the injection site; usually resolves within 30 minutes.
What people report: Reported to work: Deeper sleep and more vivid dreams within 1-2 weeks. Reported not to work: A response that holds.

Read the full article on Sermorelin Dosing section of the Sermorelin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (adult evidence), which says Small trials on GH/IGF-1 and body composition
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Formerly FDA-approved as Geref (withdrawn 2008)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not authorised in the EU
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA S2 prohibited
Top safety flag: section “Safety Profile”
What people report: section “What people report”

SNAP-8

acetyl octapeptide-3

Skin & hair

Limited evidence

Manufacturer data and two industry-run studies of multi-ingredient microneedle patches; somewhat better data for the parent peptide Argireline.

Best human evidence: 2 industry-run studies
FDA (US): Cosmetic ingredient, not a drug
EU: Cosmetic ingredient, not a medicine
WADA (sport): Topical cosmetic use not targeted
Top safety flag: Unknowns: DIY concentrations far above the tested range, use on broken skin or right after aggressive microneedling (more peptide reaches deeper layers), and injection, for which there are no safety data at all.
What people report: Reported to work: Subtle softening of fine expression lines, more often visible in comparison photos than in the mirror. Reported not to work: No visible change after a month.

Read the full article on SNAP-8 Dosing section of the SNAP-8 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Manufacturer data and two industry-run studies of multi-ingredient microneedle patches
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Cosmetic ingredient (EU and US)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Cosmetic ingredient (EU and US)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA: topical cosmetic use not targeted
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

SS-31

elamipretide

Longevity & mitochondria

Emerging evidence

Several randomised trials, most of which missed their primary endpoints (MMPOWER-3, PROGRESS-HF, ReCLAIM-2 and the randomised part of TAZPOWER); FDA accelerated approval for Barth syndrome only, based on knee extensor strength.

Best human evidence: Randomised trials (negative)
FDA (US): Accelerated approval (narrow use)
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Mild injection-site reactions.
What people report: Reported to work: More energy, often within days, at low doses. Reported not to work: No effect.

Read the full article on SS-31 Dosing section of the SS-31 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Several randomised trials, most of which missed their primary endpoints (MMPOWER-3, PROGRESS-HF, ReCLAIM-2 and the randomised part of TAZPOWER)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory), which says FDA accelerated approval (2025) for Barth syndrome only
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory), which says Not authorised in the EU
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named on the Prohibited List. Elamipretide has FDA accelerated approval, so the rule for non-approved substances does not apply; athletes should check with their anti-doping organisation
Top safety flag: At a Glance table (safety)
What people report: section “What people report”

TB-500

thymosin beta-4 fragment

Healing & repair

Limited evidence

Animal studies; human trials exist only for full-length thymosin beta-4 (eye drops, IV safety studies, one trial after heart attack)

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2.3)
Top safety flag: As with BPC-157, the angiogenic properties of TB-500 raise theoretical concerns in the context of active malignancy.
What people report: Reported to work: Slow-healing tendon and ligament problems. Reported not to work: No noticeable change.

Read the full article on TB-500 Dosing section of the TB-500 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (human evidence for injury use), which says Human evidence for injury use: none — no controlled human trial of TB-500 for tendon, muscle or post-surgical repair
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA, EMA or BfArM. On FDA's list of compounding substances that may present significant safety risks
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA, EMA or BfArM
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Prohibited at all times in sport (WADA S2.3)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Tesamorelin

Egrifta

Growth hormone & muscle

Strong evidence for visceral fat reduction in HIV-associated lipodystrophy

Strong for visceral fat reduction in HIV-associated lipodystrophy (two phase 3 trials, n=806, plus imaging trials); Moderate for liver fat in HIV; Limited for anything in people without HIV.

Best human evidence: 2 phase 3 trials
FDA (US): Approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2)
Top safety flag: Contraindications and cautions: active malignancy.
What people report: Reported to work: Loss of abdominal girth over 8 to 16 weeks. Reported not to work: Fat staying off after stopping.

Read the full article on Tesamorelin Dosing section of the Tesamorelin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Strong for visceral fat reduction in HIV-associated lipodystrophy (two phase 3 trials, n=806, plus imaging trials)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says FDA-approved (2010) for the HIV indication
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says EU application withdrawn 2012
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA: prohibited at all times (S2)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Testagen

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

Chicken and cell studies, none on the testes, none in humans.

Best human evidence: No human trials
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: No community thread I found reported measured testosterone or semen changes. Reported not to work: In general bioregulator threads, many performance users say they felt nothing from organ-specific courses.

Read the full article on Testagen Dosing section of the Testagen article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Chicken and cell studies, none on the testes, none in humans
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Thymogen

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

Licensed in Russia on small domestic studies; the one large independent RCT (phase III, n = 202) was negative.

Best human evidence: 1 large independent RCT (negative)
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Faster tumour progression than placebo in the Kaposi sarcoma phase III.
What people report: Reported to work: Thymus-peptide users commonly describe fewer colds or milder seasonal allergies. Reported not to work: The strongest "did not work" evidence is not anecdotal.

Read the full article on Thymogen Dosing section of the Thymogen article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says The one large independent RCT (phase III, n = 202) was negative
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named on the WADA list
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Thymosin Alpha-1

thymalfasin, Zadaxin

Immune & inflammation

Emerging evidence

Multiple RCTs and meta-analyses with mixed results; TESTS sepsis RCT null.

Best human evidence: Randomised trials (mixed results)
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Contraindication: active autoimmune disease (relative contraindication — requires careful risk-benefit assessment).
What people report: Reported to work: Fewer colds and shorter upper respiratory infections. Reported not to work: Severe infection.

Read the full article on Thymosin Alpha-1 Dosing section of the Thymosin Alpha-1 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Multiple RCTs and meta-analyses with mixed results
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named on the Prohibited List. Thymalfasin is licensed in some countries, so the rule for non-approved substances does not clearly apply. Thymosin beta-4 and its derivatives such as TB-500 are different peptides and are prohibited (S2.3). Athletes should check with their anti-doping organisation
Top safety flag: section “Safety and Side Effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Thymulin

Immune & inflammation

Limited evidence

Solid physiology and animal data, one tiny 1980s human report, one uncontrolled topical study.

Best human evidence: 1 uncontrolled topical study
FDA (US): Not approved · 503A Category 3
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S0)
Top safety flag: No systematic human safety data exist.
What people report: Reported to work: Topical use for hair. Reported not to work: No dramatic regrowth in any report I found.

Read the full article on Thymulin Dosing section of the Thymulin article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Solid physiology and animal data, one tiny 1980s human report, one uncontrolled topical study
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere. FDA 503A category 3 (thymulin acetate, nominated without adequate support)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved anywhere
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA 2026: S0 (non-approved substance), prohibited at all times
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”, which says No systematic human safety data exist for injected thymulin
What people report: section “What people report”

Tirzepatide

Mounjaro, Zepbound

Weight & metabolism

Strong evidence

The SURMOUNT and SURPASS programmes, a head-to-head against semaglutide, and randomised outcome trials in sleep apnoea, HFpEF and MASH.

Best human evidence: Phase 3 or outcome trials
FDA (US): Approved
EU: Authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Contraindications: personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma, MEN2, prior hypersensitivity, pregnancy and breastfeeding.
What people report: Reported to work: Strong, flat appetite suppression and loss of "food noise". Reported not to work: Keeping weight off after stopping.

Read the full article on Tirzepatide Dosing section of the Tirzepatide article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says The SURMOUNT and SURPASS programmes, a head-to-head against semaglutide, and randomised outcome trials in sleep apnoea, HFpEF and MASH
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says FDA approved (Mounjaro 2022, Zepbound 2023, OSA indication 2024)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says EMA approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not prohibited as a class; verify the current list before competition
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Tri-Heal Max

Blends

Limited evidence

Combination untested; KPV has no human data; BPC-157 and TB-500 have very little.

Best human evidence: No trials of the combination
FDA (US): Not approved · On FDA's compounding safety-risk list
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited (S2.3, S0)
Top safety flag: The unknowns of each component add up.
What people report: Reported to work: No community threads specifically about Tri-Heal Max turned up in my search. Reported not to work: No reports specific to Tri-Heal Max found.

Read the full article on Tri-Heal Max Dosing section of the Tri-Heal Max article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Combination untested; KPV has no human data; BPC-157 and TB-500 have very little
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says No component approved by FDA or EMA. All three on FDA's significant-safety-risk compounding list
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says No component approved by FDA or EMA
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says WADA 2026: prohibited (TB-500 in S2.3, BPC-157 in S0)
Top safety flag: section “Safety and legal status”
What people report: section “What people report”

Vesugen

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

Cell and mouse studies plus one small uncontrolled human study.

Best human evidence: 1 small uncontrolled human study
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No adequate human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: Some users combining Vesugen with Livagen describe "cleaner" bloodwork after several cycles. Reported not to work: In the same general threads, others feel nothing from vascular or organ courses and question the cost.

Read the full article on Vesugen Dosing section of the Vesugen article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Cell and mouse studies plus one small uncontrolled human study
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA)
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not an approved medicine (FDA, EMA)
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

Vilon

Bioregulators

Limited evidence

Rodent and cell studies; one small uncontrolled human study.

Best human evidence: 1 small uncontrolled human study
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: No adequate human safety data.
What people report: Reported to work: A long-COVID / ME-CFS thread reports a rapid, sustained improvement with nasal Vilon plus VIP. Reported not to work: Many users of organ-bioregulator rotations report no noticeable effect.

Read the full article on Vilon Dosing section of the Vilon article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says One small uncontrolled human study
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not FDA- or EMA-approved
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not named by WADA, falls under S0
Top safety flag: section “Safety and side effects”
What people report: section “What people report”

VIP

vasoactive intestinal peptide

Immune & inflammation

Limited evidence

Published case series; Shoemaker cohort data.

Best human evidence: Case series and reports
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Not prohibited
Top safety flag: Active malignancy (VIP receptors are expressed on some tumour cells; theoretical concern without clinical case series confirming risk, but caution is warranted)
What people report: Reported to work: Clearer thinking and better concentration. Reported not to work: No benefit at all.

Read the full article on VIP Dosing section of the VIP article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence base), which says Published case series
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA or EMA
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Not approved by FDA or EMA
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named on the Prohibited List. Aviptadil (synthetic VIP) is licensed in the UK, combined with phentolamine, for erectile dysfunction, so the rule for non-approved substances does not clearly apply; athletes should get a ruling from their anti-doping organisation
Top safety flag: section “Safety Considerations”
What people report: section “What people report”

VK2735

Weight & metabolism

Emerging evidence

Phase 2 trials only (VENTURE, placebo-controlled, for the weekly injection; a 13-week phase 2 for the oral tablet). The phase 3 trials are still running, with no results yet; not approved.

Best human evidence: Controlled human studies
FDA (US): Not approved
EU: Not authorised
WADA (sport): Prohibited under S0 (not named)
Top safety flag: Gallbladder events: rapid weight loss increases cholelithiasis risk; GLP-1 agonists also reduce gallbladder motility.
What people report: Reported to work: Nothing from community use can be summarised. Reported not to work: The lowest oral dose.

Read the full article on VK2735 Dosing section of the VK2735 article

Where this comes from

Evidence level: At a Glance table (evidence level)
Best human evidence: At a Glance table (evidence level), which says Phase 2 trials only (VENTURE, placebo-controlled, for the weekly injection; a 13-week phase 2 for the oral tablet)
FDA (US): At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Investigational
EU: At a Glance table (regulatory status), which says Investigational
WADA (sport): At a Glance table (anti-doping (wada 2026)), which says Not named; as a non-approved substance it falls under S0 (prohibited at all times)
Top safety flag: section “Safety Signals to Watch in Phase 3”
What people report: section “What people report”

Information, not medical advice. Evidence levels summarise published research; they do not mean a compound is safe, legal or right for you. For doses and context, read the full article. Back to Peptide Therapy